Potassium hydroxide

Potassium hydroxide is a white rhombic crystal at room temperature, with industrial products appearing as white or light gray lumps or rods. Its properties are similar to sodium hydroxide, exhibiting strong alkalinity and corrosiveness. It readily absorbs moisture from the air and deliquesces, possessing extremely strong hygroscopicity. It absorbs carbon dioxide to form potassium carbonate, is highly soluble in water, and releases a large amount of heat during dissolution. It is soluble in ethanol and slightly soluble in ether.

Potassium hydroxide is strongly alkaline and corrosive, with properties similar to sodium hydroxide. It can cause burns and is relatively stable at room temperature but decomposes into potassium oxide at high temperatures. In the air, it absorbs moisture and dissolves, while also absorbing carbon dioxide and gradually turning into potassium carbonate. It can turn litmus test solution blue and phenolphthalein test solution red.

Potassium hydroxide has a burning effect on skin tissues, dissolving proteins and forming alkaline denatured proteins. If splashed onto the skin, especially on mucous membranes, it can form soft scabs. The higher the concentration of the solution and the higher the temperature, the stronger the effect. If splashed into the eyes, it can not only damage the cornea but also cause deep tissue injuries in the eye. Additionally, potassium hydroxide can cause water pollution, and special attention should be paid to plants and aquatic organisms.

Potassium hydroxide is classified as a hazardous chemical, so during transportation, packaging must be intact and loading should be secure. During transportation, ensure that containers do not leak, collapse, fall, or get damaged. It is strictly prohibited to mix or transport it with flammable or combustible materials, acids, edible chemicals, etc. Transport vehicles should be equipped with emergency leak handling equipment.

Potassium hydroxide is a common inorganic base with the chemical formula KOH, a molecular weight of 56.1, a melting point of 360°C, a boiling point of 1324°C, and a density of 2.044 g/cm³. It falls under Class 8 corrosive substances in hazardous chemicals, posing risks to both human health and the environment. Caution should be exercised during handling and disposal.